1.5 Known About Blending Modes

Blending modes
The blending mode is controls how pixels in the image are affected by a painting or editing tool.
•The base color is the original color in the image.
•The blend color is the color being applied with the painting or editing tool.
•The result color is the color resulting from the blend mode.

Types Of Blending modes

Normal
Edits or paints each pixel to make it the result color. This is the default mode.
Dissolve
Edits or paints each pixel to make it the result color. However, the result color is a random replacement of the pixels with the base color or the blend color.

Types Of Blending Mode

Darken
Looks at the color information in each channel and selects the base or blend color—whichever is darker—as the result color..
Multiply
Looks at the color information in each channel and multiplies the base color by the blend color. The result color is always a darker color. Multiplying any color with black produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the color unchanged..
Color Burn 
Looks at the color information in each channel and darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the contrast between  two.
Linear Burn
Looks at the color information in each channel and darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing the brightness.
Lighten
Looks at the color information in each channel and selects the base or blend color whichever is lighter—as the result color.
Screen
Looks at each channel’s color information and multiplies the inverse of the blend and base colors. The result color is always a lighter color.
Color Dodge
Looks at the color information in each channel and brightens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing contrast between the two.
Linear Dodge (Add)
Looks at the color information in each channel and brightens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the brightness..
Overlay
Multiplies or screens the colors, depending on the base color. Patterns or colors overlay the existing pixels while preserving the highlights and shadows of the base color..
Soft Light
Darkens or lightens the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is similar to shining a spotlight on the image.
Hard Light
Multiplies or screens the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is similar to shining a harsh spotlight on the image.
Vivid Light 
Burns or dodges the colors by increasing or decreasing the contrast, depending on the blend color.
Linear Light
Burns or dodges the colors by decreasing or increasing the brightness, depending on the blend color.
Pin Light
Replaces the colors, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, pixels darker than the blend color are replaced.
Hard Mix
Adds the red, green and blue channel values of the blend color to the RGB values of the base color.
Difference
Looks at the color information in each channel and subtracts either the blend color from the base color or the base color from the blend color, depending on which has the greater brightness value.
Exclusion
Creates an effect similar to but lower in contrast than the Difference mode. Blending with white inverts the base color values.
Subtract
Looks at the color information in each channel and subtracts the blend color from the base color..
Divide
Looks at the color information in each channel and divides the blend color from the base color.
Hue
Creates a result color with the luminance and saturation of the base color and the hue of the blend color.
Saturation
Creates a result color with the luminance and hue of the base color and the saturation of the blend color.
Color
Creates a result color with the luminance of the base color and the hue and saturation of the blend color.
Luminosity
Creates a result color with the hue and saturation of the base color and the luminance of the blend color. This mode creates the inverse effect of Color mode.
Lighter Color
Compares the total of all channel values for the blend and base color and displays the higher value color. Lighter Color does not produce a third color, which can result from the Lighten blend.
Darker Color 
Compares the total of all channel values for the blend and base color and displays the lower value color. Darker Color does not produce a third color, which can result from the Darken blend.

1.4 Known About Erase Parts Of An Image

1.4Known About Erase Parts Of An Image

How to Erase with the Eraser tool
The Eraser tool changes pixels to either the background color. If you’re working on a background or in a layer with transparency locked, the pixels change to the background color.
You can also use the eraser.
1.Select the Eraser tool .
2.Select the background color you want to apply if you are erasing in the background or a layer with locked transparency.
3.For Brush and Pencil modes, choose a brush preset, and set Opacity and Flow in the options bar. An opacity of 100% erases pixels completely. A lower opacity erases pixels partially.you See Paint tool options.
5.Drag through the area you want to erase.

Change similar pixels with the Magic Eraser tool
When you click in a layer with the Magic Eraser tool, the tool changes all similar pixels to transparent. If you’re working in a layer with locked transparency, the pixels change to the background color.
You can choose to erase contiguous pixels only or all similar pixels on the current layer.
1.Select the Magic Eraser tool .
2.Do the following in the options bar:
•Enter a tolerance value to define the range of colors that can be erased. A low tolerance erases pixels within a range of color values very similar to the pixel you click. A high tolerance extends the range of colors that will be erased.
•Select Anti-aliased to smooth the edges of the area you erase.
•Select Contiguous to erase only pixels contiguous to the one you click, or deselect to erase all similar pixels in the image.
•Select Sample All Layers to sample the erased color using combined data from all visible layers.
•Specify an opacity to define the strength of the erasure. An opacity of 100% erases pixels completely. A lower opacity erases pixels partially.
3.Click in the part of the layer you want to erase.

Auto Erase with the Pencil tool
The Auto Erase option for the Pencil tool lets you paint the background color over areas containing the foreground color.
1.Specify foreground and background colors.
2.Select the Pencil tool .
3.Select Auto Erase in the options bar.
4.Drag over the image.

1.3 Know About Match,Replace And Mix Colors

1.3 Know About Match, replace, and mix colors
1.3.1 How to Match colors
Match the color in multiple images
The Match Color command matching colors between multiple images or between multiple selections, you also adjust the colors in an image by changing the luminance, changing the color range, and neutralizing.
When you use the Match Color command, the pointer becomes the Eyedropper tool.Because when using match color command  Eyedropper tool gives  feedback about changes in color value.

Match the color between two images
1.Make a selection in the source and target images.
Note: If you don’t make a selection, then the Match Color command matches the overall image.
2Make the image that you want to change active, and then choose Image > Adjustments > Match Color.
3.If u want To automatically remove a color  in the target image, select the Neutralize option. Make sure that the Preview option is selected so that your image is updated as you make adjustments.

Layers>Adjustment>Match Color

4.Alternatively, enter a value in the Luminance box. The maximum value is 200, the minimum is 1, and the default is 100.
5.To adjust the color saturation in the target image, adjust the Color Intensity slider. Alternatively, enter a value in the Color Intensity box. The maximum value is 200, the minimum is 1 (which produces a grayscale image), and the default is 100.
6.To control the amount of adjustment applied to the image, move the Fade slider. Moving the slider to the right reduces the adjustment.
7.Then Click OK.

Match the color of two layers in the same image
1. selection in the layer you want to match. Using this when matching a color more than two layers in same image (for example, facial skin tones) .
If you don’t make a selection, then the Match Color matches the colors of the entire source layer.
2.Make sure that the layer you want to target (apply the color adjustment to) is active, and then choose Image > Adjustments > Match Color.
            Then work process is same as a match the color between two images.
Save and apply settings in the Match Color command

•In the Image Statistics area of the Match Color dialog box, click the Save Statistics button. Name and save the settings.
•In the Image Statistics area of the Match Color dialog box, click the Load Statistics button. Locate and load the saved settings file.
1.3.2 Replace colors
Replace the color of objects in an image
 apply a Hue/Saturation adjustment to selected objects. For less flexibility but a convenient grouping of options, use the Replace Color dialog box. For speed but less precision,you also try the Color Replacement tool.But hue/saturation adjustment is a best method to understand.
Apply a Hue/Saturation adjustment to selected objects
In most cases, this flexible technique best replaces colors .
1.Select the object you want to change. The Quick Selection tool often produces good results..

2.In the Adjustments panel, click the Hue/Saturation icon..
3.In the Properties panel, change Hue and Saturation settings to replace the object’s color. If the original color tints the new color, select Colorize, and readjust settings. (See Adjust hue and saturation .)

Hue/Saturation To Replace Color

Use the Replace Color dialog box
The Replace Color dialog box combines tools for selecting a color range with HSL sliders for replacing that color. You can also choose the replacement color in the Color Picker.
1.Choose Image > Adjustments > Replace Color.
2.Select a preview option:
Selection
Displays the mask in the preview box. Masked areas are black, and unmasked areas are white. Partially masked areas (areas covered with a semitransparent mask) appear as varying levels of gray according to their opacity.
Image
Displays the image in the preview box. This option is useful when you are working with a magnified image or have limited screen space.

1.3.3 Mix colors selectively
Make selective color adjustments
1.Do one of the following:
•Click the Selective Color icon in the Adjustments panel.
•Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Selective Color. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box.
Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Selective Color. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.

Layers>Adjustment>Selective Color

2.Select a method in the Properties panel:
Relative
Changes the existing amount of cyan, magenta, yellow, or black by its percentage of the total.)
Absolute
Adjusts the color in absolute values. For example, if you start with a pixel that is 50% magenta and add 10%, the magenta ink is set to a total of 60%.

Selective Color Adjustment{Relative & Absolute}

3.Drag the sliders to increase or decrease the components in the selected color.
You can also save the settings you make for the Selective Color adjustment and reuse the settings on other images

1.2 Known About Color Modes

1.2 Known About Color Mode

   

You like to known types of color modes and importance for photo editing.

Different types of color modes:

1.RGB mode (millions of colors)

2.CMYK mode (four-printed colors)

3.Index mode (256 colors)

4.Grayscale mode (256 grays)

5.Bitmap mode (2 colors)

The color mode or image mode determines how colors combined  on the number of chIannels in a color model. Different color modes gives different levels of color detail and file size. 

RGB Color mode

Photoshop RGB Color mode uses the RGB model, assigning an intensity value to each pixel. In 8-bits-per-channel images, the intensity values range from 0 (black) to 255 (white) for each of the RGB (red, green, blue) components in a color image. 

RGB images use basically three colors, , to reproduce colors on screen.

Layers>Mode>RGB Color

CMYK Color mode

In the CMYK mode, each pixel is assigned a percentage value for each of the process inks. The lightest (highlight) colors are assigned small percentages of process ink colors; the darker (shadow) colors higher percentages. 

Layers>Mode>CMYK Color 

Grayscale mode

Grayscale mode uses different shades of gray in an image. In 8-bit images, there can be use up to 256 shades of gray. Every pixel of a grayscale image has a brightness value ranging from 0 (black) to 255 (white). In 16-and 32-bit images, the number of shades in an image is much greater than in 8-bit images.

    This mode mainly used for creating black-white image.

Layers>Mode>Greyscale Color

Indexed Color mode

Indexed Color mode produces 8-bit image files with up to 256 colors. When converting to indexed color.

Layers>Mode>Index Color

Chapter 1- Image And Color Basics

1.1 How To Resize Images

The Image Size command in Photoshop  is a method to clarity details and provide better sharpness when enlarging a  images.

Original Uncropped Image

Sharpen Crop Image

In  the Photoshop  Image Size dialog box has been updated for  use:
•A window displays the preview image from the resizing parameters.
•Resizing the dialog box resizes the preview window.

How to resize image

                               

1. Choose Image > Image Size.
2. Do any  following steps  to modify the image preview:
•To change the size of the preview window, drag a corner of the Image Size dialog box and resize it.
•To change the preview magnification, Ctrl-click (Windows) in the preview image to increase magnification. Alt-click (Windows)  to reduce the magnification. After clicking, the percentage of magnification briefly appears near the bottom of the preview image.
3. To change the unit of measurement for the pixel dimension, click the triangle next to Dimensions and choose from the menu.

Note: You can change the unit of measurement for width and height by choosing from the menus to the right of the Width and Height text boxes.

Resampling setting

·To change the image size or resolution and allow the total number of pixels to adjust proportionately, make sure that Resample is selected, and if necessary, choose an interpolation method from the Resample menu.

Happy Editing☺

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